Rain, mosquitoes, and rising risks: How to protect yourself from Japanese encephalitis
Recent heavy rains, particularly in north and far north Queensland, have created ideal conditions for mosquito breeding, increasing the risk of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission. With recent cases detected in Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, now is the time to act.
What is Japanese encephalitis virus?
JEV is a serious viral infection that impacts the central nervous system. It is transmitted through mosquito bites, primarily from mosquitoes that have bitten infected animals such as pigs or waterbirds. Although humans and horses can get infected, they cannot pass the virus to others. Importantly:
- JEV is not spread from human-to-human
- Consuming pork is completely safe.
Most people experience no symptoms or only mild issues like fever and headache. However, in about one in 100 people, it can cause severe complications, such as encephalitis (brain swelling), which can lead to permanent neurological damage or even death. Of these severe cases, about one-third are fatal.
Are you at risk?
You could be at higher risk if you:
- Work at or live near piggeries or pork processing facilities.
- Spend time outdoors near rivers, ponds, or marshes.
- Live in regions like Balonne, Goondiwindi, North Burnett, Western Downs, Southwest Toowoomba, the Torres Strait, and Northern Cape York.
- Work as an environmental health officer, entomologist, or in mosquito management.
Here are the simple ways you can protect yourself and others:
- Eliminate mosquito breeding sites: Empty containers and prevent water collection around your home or workplace.
- Wear protective clothing: Choose long, loose-fitting, light-coloured clothing and covered shoes.
- Use repellents: Apply repellents containing picaridin, DEET, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.
- Install screens: Ensure windows and doors are fitted with mosquito-proof screens.
- Limit outdoor activity: Avoid being outside during peak mosquito activity at dawn and dusk.
- Consider vaccination: Vaccination is highly recommended for those in high-risk groups.
Contact your healthcare provider or public health unit for vaccine availability.
Responsibilities for businesses
Employers and business operators (PCBUs) have a duty under the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 to manage JEV risks effectively, by providing training and safe work environments, and supplying protective equipment such as repellents and mosquito nets.
Stay informed
Japanese encephalitis is a notifiable disease in Queensland. Human cases are notified to Queensland Health by the treating team. As an employer, if a worker develops JEV as a result of their work, it is important to notify WHSQ on 1300 362 128. If you suspect an animal is showing signs of the disease, you must report it to either a local veterinarian or call the Emergency Animal Disease hotline on 1800 675 888.
By staying informed, taking preventive measures, and encouraging vaccination, you can help protect yourself, your loved ones, and your community during this wet season.
More information
For further information on Japanese encephalitis, visit: